[Relationship between human chorionic gonadotrapin [HCG] level in second trimester pregnancy and preeclampsia]

Many researches have shown a relationship between levels of beta HCG in pregnancy and preeclampsia, which can be used as a method for early diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine relationship between levels of HCG in second trimester of pregnancy and preeclampsia. This study was conducted as a Nested case control study. Blood samples were taken from 1200 pregnant women who were in their second trimester of pregnancy and were admitted for prenatal care in Arak prenatal clinics. After isolation of serums, blood samples were stored in-20°C until delivery time. Finally serum HCG levels, blood pressure, proteinurea, edema, seizure and neonate statue were analyzed in 50 preeclamptic women [case group] and were compared with 50 normotensive women [control group]. All women were complicated with mild preeclampsia. The mean of the beta HCG in preeclamptic women was 43.08 +/- 32.56 Iu/ml and means of HCG in normotensive women was 27.48 +/- 25.97 mu/ml [P<0.05], the mean of systolic blood pressure in case and control groups were 144.09 +/- 11.30 mmHg and 110.26 +/- 8.13 mmHg, respectively [P<0.001]. The mean of diastolic blood pressure in preeclamptic women was higher than normotensive women [90.45 +/- 4.34 mm/hg and 70 +/- 9.80 mm/hg] [P<0.001]. Our data showed a significant relationship between mean levels of HCG preeclampsia in second trimester. Therefore, screening of high risk group with HCG hormone and careful prenatal care should be considered during pregnancy

[Determination of relationship between father's cigarette smokingand sex ratio in children]

Sex ratio is referred to male, female ratio which is usually 1.06. This ratio is decreased during the last few years. One of it's reasons seems to be poisons and environmental pollutions such as cigarette smoke. In this investigation we studied the relationship between father's cigarette smoking and sex ratio in children.This is a historical cohort study. Study population were neonates born in Arak hospitals during summer and autumn 1383. Sample size was determined 710 neonates, based on alpha = 5%, beta = 10%. Sampling method was census in which all newborns with inclusion criteria were selected and questionnaires were filled. Samples were divided into three groups. 1- Newborns with nonsmoker fathers 2- Newborns with smoker fathers [less than 20 cigarettes a day] 3- Newborns with smoker fathers [20 or more cigarettes a day][Father's cigarette smoking at least 3 months before conception in second and third group]. Newborn's sex ratio was determined in each group and caparisoned. Data analysis was done by frequency, ratio, mean and standard deviation indexes and K-S, leven, t, mann-whitney, chi square tests and relative risk, using SPSS software. At all stages of the study Helsinki declaration was regarded.Overall sex ratio was 1.04. This ratio was 1.272 for neonates with nonsmoker fathers and 0.77 for neonates with smoker fathers. Also sex ratio in newborns with smoker fathers using less than 20 cigarettes a day was 0.846 and for those with fathers using 20 or more was 0.60. Based on chi square there was a meaningful relationship between the three groups[p<0.00001]. Relative risk in low cigarette group was 1.23 and in high cigarette group 1.42.Based on findings it seems that father's cigarette smoking near conception results in decreasing sex ratio and the increased use of cigarettes the decreased born of male neonates

[ effect of maternal position in active phase on duration of labor and newborn's Apgar score]

It seems that mother's position and activity during labor can affect labor process and it's outcomes. This investigation aimed to investigate maternal position's effect in active phase on labor duration and newbom's Apgar. This is a quasi experimental study which is done on 256 mothers referring to Taleghani hospital in Arak city. Sampling was convenience and sample size was determined based on alpha =5% and beta =20%. Mothers were divided into two primi and multipara groups and each mother chose one of the lying on left side, semi ambulatory and ambulatory positions based on her own intent. The duration of first, second and third stages of labor and also the newborn's Apgar score in first and fifth minutes after birth was determined in each group. Data was analyzed using Shefe test. Results showed that more than half of mothers [55.5%] preferred semi ambulatory position. 98.8% of deliveries were normal vaginal delivery and most of newborn's Apgar score in first and fifth minutes after birth was 9 and 10 respectively. There was no significant difference between labor complications and maternal position and also between Apgar score and maternal position. It was found that the duration of first, second and third stages of labor in primiparas of ambulatory group were shorter than the other two primipara groups. But the difference was only significant in first stage[p<0.001]. In multiparas of the ambulatory group the duration of first and second stages were significantly shorter than the other two multipara groups [p<0.001].Overall findings showed that the duration of first stage of labor in ambulatory primiparas and first and second stages of multiparas were significantly reduced so it seems that ambulation of mother during labor can improve labor process